Enfermedades Neumocócicas en Colombia: Análisis Epidemiológico Antes y Durante la Vacunación Universal contra Streptococcus pneumoniae, a la Luz del Cambio Vacunal en 2022
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Streptococcus pneumoniae es la principal causa de meningitis, neumonía y bacteriemia primaria, principalmente en <5 años y en el adulto mayor. Desde el 2000 se han desarrollado vacunas conjugadas contra neumococo (VCN), que han disminuido la incidencia de la enfermedad neumocócica (EN) de manera sustancial globalmente. Desde el 2012, Colombia implementó vacunación universal con VCN10 masivamente en <2años, observándose una disminución en la incidencia de EN en los primeros años para luego estabilizarse. Sin embargo, los serotipos no vacunales 3 y 19A se han incrementado convirtiéndose en los predominantes desde 2014. El serotipo 19A se ha asociado a multiresistencia, así mismo, en 2019 se observó un aumento en la incidencia de meningitis asociada a serotipo 19A. En julio 2022 se realizó el cambio a VCN13. Este artículo ofrece una revisión de la epidemiología del neumococo en Colombia, antes y durante la vacunación universal con VCN10.
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