Evaluación de la eficacia del tratamiento con aceturato de diminazeno en búfalos de agua infectados por Trypanosoma spp. en Colombia: ausencia de resistencia al fármaco
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Introducción: Los microorganismos hemotrópicos como Trypanosoma spp. afectan a muchos animales, incluidos bovinos como los búfalos de agua. Algunos países en desarrollo han reportado la aparición del fenómeno de resistencia a los tripanocidas con Aceturato de Diminazeno. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la presencia del fenómeno de resistencia asociado al tratamiento tripanocida en búfalos de agua colombianos. Materiales y métodos: En este estudio transversal se muestrearon 202 individuos en una zona endémica de Colombia. Se realizó prueba molecular de qPCR (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa cuantitativa) dirigida al gen 18S para Trypanosoma spp. y se llevó a cabo un análisis filogenético basado en la región ITS1. Resultados: Sesenta y un animales (30,2%) fueron positivos por qPCR para Trypanosoma spp. y se analizaron completamente cincuenta y dos secuencias. De las secuencias, 76,9% ( 40/ 52) fueron compatibles con T. vivax y 23,1% (12/ 52) con T. theileri, los resultados obtenidos no mostraron homología de secuencias para T. evansi. Posteriormente, los animales positivos fueron tratados con Aceturato de Diminazeno con la dosis recomendada (7mg/kg) y se realizó una qPCR final un mes después de haber finalizado el tratamiento. Todos los animales fueron negativos para Trypanosoma spp. después del tratamiento con el medicamento. Discusión: Aunque no se detectó resistencia al medicamento en los animales incluidos en el estudio, es necesario realizar una vigilancia continua del fenómeno de resistencia a los medicamentos tripanocidas, para verificar la circulación de cepas resistentes en Colombia y zonas endémicas de otros países.
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